Cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra syndrome impairs the preantral follicle reserve in domestic bitches (Canis familiaris).

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra syndrome is the most common uterine pathological condition reported in breeding bitches, however, their described effects on fertility are limited to uterine disorders and conception rates. As the preantral follicle population represents the available reserve of gametes recruited during the lifespan, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CEH-pyometra syndrome on the: (i) preantral follicle morphology, (ii) developing follicle rates, and (iii) preantral follicle and stromal cell densities. Ovarian fragments from bitches subjected to elective or therapeutic ovariohysterectomy were allocated according to uterine diagnosis as follows: control (n = 7, clinically healthy), CEH-mucometra (n = 8, uterine lumen filled with a sterile mucus), and pyometra (n = 17, presence of a purulent mucus) groups. Overall, the control group had 3.4 and 4.1-fold higher probability (P < 0.0001) of the presence of normal preantral follicles compared with CEH-mucometra and pyometra groups, respectively. Moreover, ovarian fragments from the pyometra group showed an increase in the percentage of developing follicles (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Both CEH-mucometra and pyometra groups showed lower (P < 0.05) preantral follicle and stromal cell densities (P < 0.05) compared to the control. In summary, the CEH-pyometra syndrome decreased the percentage of morphologically normal follicles and enhanced the developing follicle rates. Additionally, a reduction of preantral follicle and stromal cell densities suggests that the inappropriate uterine environment induced by CEH-pyometra syndrome can lead to premature depletion of ovarian reserve.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites, Risk Factors and Zoonotic Aspects in Dog and Cat Populations from Goiás, Brazil.

Gastrointestinal diseases caused by parasites are frequently diagnosed in the clinical routine of domestic animals, especially dogs and cats. In general, they trigger factors that can affect human health due to zoonoses. Therefore, this study aims to identify the main intestinal parasites obtained from the fecal samples of dogs and cats in the municipality of Jata, Brazil, and their associated risk factors. Between October 2020 and March 2022, fecal samples were collected from 359 dogs and 55 cats through spontaneous defecation and subsequently subjected to coproparasitological analyses using the Willis fluctuation and Hoffman spontaneous sedimentation techniques. The following parasitic species were identified: Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum; Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Cystoisospora spp., and Platynosomum fastosum. The risk factors associated with parasitism include age, average income of owners, access to garbage, sewage, waste, outdated deworming, and contact with animals. The results demonstrate the need to establish public policies and implement preventive and control measures to reduce the occurrence of parasites in animals and the exposure of humans to pathogenic agents.

Photobiomodulation Reduces the Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in the Zebrafish Model.

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the level of inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red photobiomodulation (PBM) as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 in a zebrafish model. RT-qPCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that recombinant Spike protein (rSpike) was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a and coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern similar to those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment was able to decrease the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most-impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipid metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19 and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials can commence.

Embryotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in the drug delivery of domperidone in zebrafish.

Domperidone is a dopamine D2 receptor inhibitor that stimulates pituitary gonadotropins. It is usually associated with synthetic GnRHa to promote spawning in fish. However, the route of administration used, intramuscular injection, can be quite stressful. Little is known about the effects of domperidone, as well as other routes. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of domperidone encapsulated by silica nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos. The study involved four groups with three concentrations: 1. domperidone (DP) 0.0001, 0.0002 and 0.0004 mg/mL; 2. DP associated with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) 0.0001 + 1.1, 0.0002 + 2.2 and 0.0004 + 4.4 mg/mL; 3. SiNPs 1.1, 2.2 and 4.4 mg/mL and 4. Control (E3), with four repetitions per group. Survival, teratogen and heart rate (HR) were evaluated over a period of 168 hpf. Survival was higher in DP + SiNPs treatment, HR was lower in treatment with 4.4 mg/mL of SiNPs, while treatment with 0.004 mg/mL of DP increased HR. This study demonstrated that the association of DP and SiNPs decreased the toxicity of both DP and SiNPs, demonstrating that this may be a viable alternative to reduce the possible cardiotoxic effects of DP.

A relação entre o contexto familiar e o envolvimento com bullying escolar: uma revisão sistemática / The relationship between family context and involvement with school bullying: a systematic review / La relación entre el contexto familiar y la participación en el acoso escolar: una revisión sistemática

O envolvimento com o bullying escolar pode relacionar-se ao amplo contexto desenvolvimental do indivíduo, incluindo a família. Esta revisão sistemática objetivou identificar a produção científica nacional e internacional entre 2015 e 2019 sobre a relação entre bullying escolar e família. Os artigos foram coletados nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, PsycInfo e ERIC, a partir dos descritores "bullying AND família", nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram analisados 48 artigos empíricos. Eles foram apresentados quanto à forma de relação entre família e bullying e situados como fatores de proteção ou risco aos escolares. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise temática, embasada na teoria sistêmica bioecológica. Identificou-se que o contexto familiar tem sido associado ao envolvimento em situações de bullying escolar, enquanto fator de proteção, mas principalmente de risco para a prática ou vitimização por bullying. Esta revisão auxilia na interpretação desta relação, indicando lacunas e possibilidades para pesquisas futuras

Involvement with school bullying can be related to the broad developmental context of the individual, including the family. This systematic review aimed to identify the national and international scientific production between 2015 and 2019 on the relationship between family context and involvement with school bullying. The articles were collected in the LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO and ERIC databases using the descriptors "bullying AND family" in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 48 empirical articles were selected for analysis. They were presented focusing on the relationship between family and bullying and classifi ed as protective or risk factors for students. The results were subjected to thematic analysis, based on bioecological systemic theory. It was identifi ed that the family context has been associated with involvement in situations of school bullying, as a protective factor, but mainly as a risk for the practice or victimization by bullying. This review helps in the interpretation of this relationship, indicating gaps and possibilities for future research

La participación en el acoso escolar puede estar relacionada con el contexto de desarrollo amplio del individuo, incluida la familia. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo identificar la producción científica nacional e internacional entre 2015 y 2019 sobre la relación entre el contexto familiar y la participación en acoso escolar. Los artículos fueron recopilados en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO y ERIC de los descriptores "acoso escolar AND familia" en portugués, inglés y español. Se seleccionaron 48 artículos empíricos para su análisis. Ellos fueron presentados en cuanto a la forma de relación entre la familia y la intimidación y colocados como factores protectores o de riesgo para los estudiantes. Los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis temático, basado en la teoría sistémica bioecologica. Se identificó que el contexto familiar se ha asociado con la participación en situaciones de acoso escolar, como un factor protector, pero principalmente un riesgo para la práctica o la victimización por acoso escolar. Esta revisión ayuda en la interpretación de esta relación, indicando brechas y posibilidades para futuras investigaciones

Escrutínio público da vida privada: uma análise etnográfica da situação de rua discutida on-line / El escrutinio público de la vida privada: un análisis etnográfico de la situación de calle discutida en internet / Public scrutiny of private life: an ethnographic analysis of homelessness discussed online

Resumo Esta pesquisa, de cunho etnográfico e embasada pelas premissas da Antropologia Digital, investigou as marcas da cultura que atravessam o debate sobre a situação de rua mediado pelas tecnologias digitais em uma página de Facebook. A página analisada, intitulada Rio Invisível, publica relatos de pessoas em situação de rua, usando o tom testemunhal. A etapa de observação participante contemplou a leitura de todas as publicações (posts e comentários) entre setembro de 2014 e março de 2020. Participaram do estudo o grupo realizador da página e 27 pessoas que costumavam comentar os posts. A pesquisa corrobora a noção de que o digital é permeado por ambiguidades pois observa-se, por um lado, um movimento de mudança de pensamento e atitude quanto à situação de rua e, por outro, o reforço de visões reducionistas ligadas à sensação de passar a conhecer alguém por meio de histórias publicadas na internet.

Resumen Esta investigación, de carácter etnográfico y basada en las premisas de la Antropología Digital, investigó las marcas de la cultura que permean el debate sobre la situación de calle mediado por las tecnologías digitales en una página de Facebook. La página analizada, titulada Rio Invisível, publica relatos de personas en situación de calle, en un tono testimonial. La etapa de observación participante incluyó la lectura de todas las publicaciones (posts y comentarios) entre septiembre de 2014 y marzo de 2020. El grupo que creó la página y 27 personas que comentaban periódicamente los posts participaron del estudio. La investigación corrobora la noción de que el mundo digital está permeado por ambigüedades ya que, por un lado, se observa un cambio de pensamiento y actitud hacia la situación de la calle y, por otro, el refuerzo de visiones reduccionistas vinculadas al sentimiento de conocer a alguien a través de las historias publicadas en internet.

Abstract This research, of an ethnographic nature and based on the premises of Digital Anthropology, investigated the marks of culture that permeate the debate about homelessness mediated by digital technologies on a Facebook page. The analyzed page, named Rio Invisível, publishes reports of homeless people, using a testimonial tone. The participant observation stage included reading all publications (posts and comments) between September 2014 and March 2020. The group that created the page and 27 people who regularly commented on the posts participated in the study. The research corroborates the notion that the digital world is permeated by ambiguities since, on the one hand, there is a change in thinking and attitude towards homelessness and, on the other hand, the reinforcement of reductionist views linked to the feeling of knowing someone through stories published on the internet.

The toxicological effects of Eryngium foetidum extracts on zebrafish embryos and larvae depend on the type of extract, dose, and exposure time.

Eryngium foetidum is a herbaceous plant found in tropical and subtropical regions. In vivo pharmacological parameters show that leaf extracts of this plant have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities due to their bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenols. Despite the evidence for several bioactivities of E. foetidum, information on its safety and tolerability is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect and concentration of different extracts of E. foetidum on the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. To study the impact of aqueous (AE), ethanolic (EE), and methanolic (ME) extracts, the embryos were exposed to 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg mL-1 for up to 120-h postfertilization to assess embryonic developmental toxicity and then to 0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.312, and 0.625 mg mL-1 to assess the antioxidant responses of the enzymes superoxide dismutase catalase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cell apoptosis. The results showed that, depending on the extraction solvent, concentration used, and exposure time, E. foetidum extracts caused mortality, altered the hatching time, and promoted changes in enzymatic activities. Delays in development and increased GST activity were found in all treatments. Apoptosis was not observed in any of the treatments. In conclusion, AE, EE, and ME concentrations above 0.625 mg mL-1 can cause adverse effects on the early stages of zebrafish development.

(re)construindo vínculos: relato de experiência de um grupo de apoio à adoção / (re)building bonds: experience report of a supporting group for adoption / (re)construyendo vínculos: relato de experiencia de un grupo de apoyo a adopción

RESUMO A construção dos vínculos na adoção é um processo complexo, com momentos de fragilização emocional para os adultos e para as crianças e adolescentes, porém os serviços de suporte às famílias no pós-adoção ainda são escassos. Estudos internacionais apontam para a necessidade de apoio sentida pelas famílias em processo de adoção e os Grupos de Apoio à Adoção (GAA) têm sido uma modalidade importante de suporte no Brasil. Pensando na importante contribuição que os GAA podem exercer nas famílias por adoção, este estudo pretende descrever a experiência de uma parceria entre Universidade e uma ONG Sul-brasileira durante o período de um ano, na condução dos trabalhos do grupo. Os encontros aconteceram mensalmente e foram conduzidos por estudantes de pós-graduação com experiência clínica e de pesquisa na área da adoção e os temas dos encontros eram escolhidos pelas próprias famílias participantes. A experiência permitiu evidenciar a potência do grupo ao incentivar que sentimentos e dúvidas fossem relatados em um ambiente acolhedor e sem julgamentos, o que contribuiu para a desmistificação de temas relacionados à adoção e, possivelmente, para a construção e fortalecimento dos vínculos com as crianças e com outras famílias.

ABSTRACT Forming bonds in adoption is a complex process, with moments of emotional fragility for adults and for children and adolescents, but services to support families in the post-adoption period are still scarce. International studies point to the need for support felt by families in the process of adoption and Adoption Support Groups (GAA, in Portuguese) have been an important modality of support in Brazil. Bearing in mind the important contribution that GAA can make to families by adoption, this study intends to describe the experience of a partnership between the University and a South-Brazilian ONG (in Portuguese) during a one-year period, in conducting the group’s work. The groups took place monthly and were conducted by graduate students with clinical and research experience in the field of adoption. The themes of the meetings were chosen by the participating families themselves. The experience showed the power of the group to encourage families to report feelings and doubts in a welcoming and non-judgmental environment, which contributed to the demystification of themes related to adoption and, possibly, to the construction and strengthening of bonds with children and with other families.

RESUMEN La construcción de vínculos durante la adopción es un proceso complejo, con momentos de debilidad emocional para adultos y para niños y adolescentes, pero los servicios de apoyo a las familias en el período posadopción aún son escasos. Estudios internacionales apuntan a la necesidad de apoyo que sienten las familias en el proceso de adopción y los Grupos de Apoyo a la Adopción (GAA) han sido una modalidad importante de apoyo en Brasil. Teniendo en cuenta la importante contribución que GAA puede hacer a las familias por adopción, este estudio pretende describir la experiencia de una asociación entre la Universidad y una ONG del sur de Brasil durante un período de un año, en la conducción del trabajo del grupo. Los grupos se realizaron mensualmente y fueron conducidos por estudiantes graduados con experiencia clínica y de investigación en el campo de la adopción y los temas de los encuentros fueron elegidos por las propias familias participantes. La experiencia mostró el poder del grupo para alentar sentimientos y dudas a ser reportados en un ambiente acogedor y sin prejuicios, lo que contribuyó a la desmitificación de temas relacionados con la adopción y posiblemente a la construcción y fortalecimiento de vínculos con los niños y con otras familias.

Graphene Biosensors-A Molecular Approach.

Graphene is the material elected to study molecules and monolayers at the molecular scale due to its chemical stability and electrical properties. The invention of scanning tunneling microscopy has deepened our knowledge on molecular systems through imaging at an atomic resolution, and new possibilities have been investigated at this scale. Interest on studies on biomolecules has been demonstrated due to the possibility of mimicking biological systems, providing several applications in nanomedicine: drug delivery systems, biosensors, nanostructured scaffolds, and biodevices. A breakthrough came with the synthesis of molecular systems by stepwise methods with control at the atomic/molecular level. This article presents a review on self-assembled monolayers of biomolecules on top of graphite with applications in biodevices. Special attention is given to porphyrin systems adsorbed on top of graphite that are able to anchor other biomolecules.

Graphene Oxide Thin Films with Drug Delivery Function.

Graphene oxide has been used in different fields of nanomedicine as a manager of drug delivery due to its inherent physical and chemical properties that allow its use in thin films with biomedical applications. Several studies demonstrated its efficacy in the control of the amount and the timely delivery of drugs when it is incorporated in multilayer films. It has been demonstrated that oxide graphene layers are able to work as drug delivery or just to delay consecutive drug dosage, allowing the operation of time-controlled systems. This review presents the latest research developments of biomedical applications using graphene oxide as the main component of a drug delivery system, with focus on the production and characterization of films, in vitro and in vivo assays, main applications of graphene oxide biomedical devices, and its biocompatibility properties.

Monitoramento do programa controle do tabagismo no contexto da pandemia de covid-19: experiência da Bahia / Monitoring the tobacco control program during the covid-19 pandemic: the Bahia experience / Seguimiento del programa de control del tabaco en el contexto de la pandemia por covid-19: la experiencia de Bahía

Com o advento da pandemia de Covid-19, tornou-se mais desafiante a manutenção das ações do Programa de Nacional de Controle do Tabagismo (PNCT), que tem como finalidade geral reduzir a prevalência de tabagistas no país por meio de ações individuais e, majoritariamente, atividades coletivas. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a adesão dos municípios e a oferta e procura de atendimentos no Programa de Controle do Tabagismo na Bahia no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. É um estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo, abordagem mista, composto por uma etapa qualitativa e outra quantitativa. Foram analisados os relatos e as informações fornecidas pelos gestores municipais quanto à adesão e ao monitoramento do PNCT por meio do preenchimento de formulário on-line, no período de 2018 a 2020. A análise das unidades de saúde cadastradas evidenciou o predomínio da oferta de tratamento na Atenção Básica quando comparada à Atenção Especializada. Com relação à adesão, observou-se diminuição no quantitativo de municípios cadastrados. Entre os fatores citados pelos coordenadores para diminuição ou interrupção dos atendimentos estão a pandemia de Covid-19 e a falta de insumos e de equipes qualificadas. Muitos pacientes deixaram de procurar atendimento por medo da infecção e alguns serviços tiveram suas atividades redirecionadas para o enfrentamento da pandemia. Perante o exposto, observamos que a pandemia acarretou uma diminuição da procura e da oferta de atendimentos do PNCT/BA, levando a um impacto direto na vida das pessoas assistidas, bem como na adesão de novos pacientes.Palavras-chave: Tabagismo; COVID-19; Programa Nacional de Controle de Tabagismo; Atenção básica.

With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining the actions within the National Program for Tobacco Control (NPTC), whose general goal is to reduce the prevalence of smokers in the country through individual and mostly collective practices, became more challenging. This study sought to analyze municipality adherence and the supply and demand for assistance of the Tobacco Control Program in Bahia (NPTC/BA) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a mixed-method approach. Data consist of reports and information provided by municipal managers on the adherence to and monitoring of the NPTC, collected through online forms completed between 2018 to 2020. Analysis of the registered health units has shown a predominant treatment offer on the part of Primary Care when compared with Specialized Care. Regarding adherence, the number of municipalities registered in the program decreased during the period. The COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of supplies and qualified teams were some of the factors reported by coordinators for the decrease or interruption of care. Many patients stopped seeking care due to fear of contamination and some services had changed their activities to combat the pandemic. Results show that the pandemic led to a decrease in the demand and supply of NPTC/BA care, impacting the quality of life of assisted people as well as on the admission of new patients.

Con el advenimiento de la pandemia del COVID-19, se ha hecho más difícil mantener las acciones del Programa Nacional de Control del Tabaco (PNCT), cuya finalidad general es reducir la prevalencia de fumadores en el país, a través de acciones individuales y, en su mayoría, actividades colectivas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la adhesión de los municipios, la oferta y demanda de asistencia en el Programa Nacional de Control del Tabaco en Bahía (PNCT/BA) en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque mixto, que consta de una etapa cualitativa y otra cuantitativa. Los informes y la información brindada por los gestores municipales fueron analizados para la adherencia y seguimiento del PNCT, mediante la cumplimentación del formulario online, en el período de 2018 a 2020. El análisis de las unidades de salud registradas mostró el predominio de la oferta de tratamiento en Atención Primaria frente a Atención Especializada. En cuanto a la adhesión, hubo una disminución en el número de municipios registrados en el período. Entre los factores mencionados por los coordinadores para la reducción o interrupción de la atención, se encuentra la pandemia del COVID-19, la falta de insumos y equipos calificados. Muchos pacientes dejaron de buscar atención por temor a la contaminación y algunos servicios tuvieron que reorientar sus actividades para enfrentar la pandemia. Dado lo anterior, observamos que la pandemia provocó una disminución en la demanda y oferta de atención del PNCT/BA, lo que generó un impacto directo en la calidad de vida de las personas atendidas, así como en la adherencia de nuevos pacientes.

Multiple endpoints of polylactic acid biomicroplastic toxicity in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Although the toxicity of conventional microplastic types (i.e., petroleum derivatives) in different organisms is already known, knowledge about the effects of alternative biopolymers on aquatic vertebrates remains incipient. Thus, the aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that the exposure of adult Danio rerio individuals to this pollutant for 30 days is enough to cause polylactic acid biomicroplastics (BioMPs of PLA) accumulation in their bodies, which leads to behavioral/neurotoxic, biochemical, and morphological changes. Based on our results, PLA BioMPs at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/L accumulated in the liver, brain, gills and carcass of the assessed animals. However, such an accumulation was not able to cause locomotor damages or to trigger anxiety-like behavior in them. On the other hand, it was enough to cause behavioral changes (in shoal) predictive of co-specific social interaction and anti-predatory defensive response deficit likely related to cholinergic changes inferred by increased acetylcholinesterase activity and REDOX imbalance. This imbalance was featured by increased production of reactive species. We observed that the treatments have affected animals' pigmentation pattern. Therefore, our study highlights the toxicological potential of the herein assessed biopolymer, and this finding puts in check the innocuousness of this material, as well as expands our knowledge about how PLA BioMPs can affect the ichthyofauna in freshwater environments.

Exposure to 2,4-D herbicide induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide is the main ingredient in over 1500 commercially available products such as Weedestroy® AM40 and DMA® 4 IVM. Although the liver has been identified as one of the organs that are affected by this herbicide, reports on its hepatotoxic effects available in the literature are restricted to rats. Thus, there is a gap in information on other organisms that may be vulnerable to 2,4-D exposure, such as fish. Therefore, the present work aimed to assess the hepatotoxic potential of 2,4-D in fish using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model system. For this purpose, its acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos was assessed, as well as its sublethal effects (< LC50) on the activity of enzymes related to oxidative (GST, CAT and GPX) and metabolic (LDH) stress and liver parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) after 48 h of exposure. Morphological analyses of the liver were also assessed in zebrafish larvae. As a result, 2,4-D reduced larvae survival (LC50 15.010 mg/L in 96 h of exposure), induced malformations, altered the activity of LDH, GST and CAT enzymes and significantly increased the activity of all biomarkers for liver damage. Although no changes in the color or size of larval liver were observed, histopathological analysis revealed that treatment with 2,4-D caused severe changes in liver tissue, such as vacuolization of the cytosol, eccentric cell nucleus, loss of tissue architecture and cellular boundaries. Thus, the results showed that 2,4-D altered the enzymatic profile related to oxidative stress, and induces liver damage.

Food intake in early life and epigenetic modifications of pro-opiomelanocortin expression in arcuate nucleus.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in nowadays societies and, despite being a multifactorial disease, it has a significant correlation with food intake. The control of food intake is performed by neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), which secret orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC), under stimulation of, e.g., ghrelin, insulin, and leptin. Insulin, uses inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/serine-threonine kinase (IP3/Akt) pathways and stimulates the exclusion of (Forkhead box protein O1) FOXO1 from the nucleus and thereby does the inactivation of the inhibition of POMC expression, while Leptin stimulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and POMC expression. Epigenetic modifications of the synthesis of these neuropeptides can lead to an increased caloric intake, which, in turn, is an important risk factor for obesity and its comorbidities. Epigenetic modifications are reversible, so the search for epigenetic targets has significant scientific and therapeutic appeal. In this review, we synthesize the effect of food intake on the epigenetic modifications of Neuropeptide Y and Pro-opiomelanocortin of ARC and its relationships with obesity development and comorbidities. We found that there is no consensus on the methylation of neuropeptides when the evaluations are carried out in different promoters. Based on reports carried on in the early life in laboratory animals, which is the timeline that the vast majority of author used to study this topic, chronic inflammation, defects in insulin and leptin signaling may be linked to changes occurring in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and/or STAT3/SOCS3 (cytokine signaling 3) pathways. In its turn, the epigenetic modifications related to increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure may be associated with PI3K/Akt and STAT3/SOCS3 signaling disruption and Pro-opiomelanocortin expression.

Safety of early discharge in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy in a high complexity center in Bogotá, Colombia, 2013 - 2019. Historical cohort / [Seguridad del alta temprana en pacientes con histerectomía laparoscópica en una institución de alto nivel de complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia, 2013 - 2019. Cohorte histórica].

Objective: To describe the safety of early discharge in the first 12 hours of the postoperative period in women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign uterine disease. Materials and methods: Descriptive historical cohort study. The study included all women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy due to benign disease and discharged after 12 hours of the procedure in a high complexity hospital in Bogota Colombia, between January 2013 and April 2019. Patients with comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) mobility limitations and intraoperative complications were excluded. Consecutive sampling was used. The variables assessed included demographics and safety variables such as readmission through the emergency service and complications classified according to the Dindo scale on the fifteenth postoperative day. A descriptive analysis is made. Results: Of 860 laparoscopic hysterectomies performed during the study period, 67 (7.8%) met the selection criteria. Eleven patients (16.4%) were readmitted through the emergency service, one (9%) due to active bleeding, and two (18%) because of urinary symptoms. There were six (8.9%) postoperative complications, including vaginal vault hematoma in two patients (2.9%), hemoperitoneum in two cases (2,9%), one (1.4%) urinary infection and one (1.4%) ureteral injury; four patients (5.9%) required hospitalization and were classified as stage IIIb on the Dindo scale. Conclusions: Early discharge emerges as an alternative to in-hospital care for this type of population. Randomized controlled studies are needed to produce additional evidence regarding this management approach.

Objetivo: describir la seguridad del alta en las primeras 12 horas del posoperatorio en mujeres cometidas histerectomía por laparoscopia por patología benigna de útero. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte histórica descriptiva. Se incluyeron todas las mujeres llevadas a histerectomía laparoscópica por patología benigna, quienes fueron dadas de alta después de 12 horas del procedimiento en un hospital de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia, entre enero del 2013 y abril del 2019. Se excluyeron pacientes con comorbilidades (diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular y pulmonar obstructiva crónica), limitaciones para la movilización y aquellas que presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias. Se realizó un muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, y como variables de seguridad, el reingreso por urgencias y complicaciones clasificadas según la escala de Dindo a los 15 días del postoperatorio. Se hace análisis descriptivo. Resultados: durante el período de estudio se realizaron 860 histerectomías por laparoscopia, de estas, 67 (7,8%) cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Once pacientes (16,4%) reingresaron por el servicio de urgencias, de las cuales, siete (63,6%) acudieron por dolor, una (9%) por sangrado activo, una (9%) por fiebre, y dos (18%) por síntomas urinarios. Se presentaron seis (8,9%) complicaciones postoperatorias de las cuales dos pacientes (2,9%) tuvieron hematoma de cúpula vaginal, dos (2,9%) hemoperitoneo, una (1,4%) infección urinaria y una (1,4%) lesión ureteral; cuatro pacientes (5,9%) requirieron hospitalización, estas últimas se clasificaron en el estadio IIIb de Dindo. Conclusiones: el alta temprana surge como alternativa al cuidado hospitalario para este tipo de población. Se requieren estudios con grupo control y asignación aleatoria para aportar mejor evidencia respecto a este manejo.

Seguridad del alta temprana en pacientes con histerectomía laparoscópica en una institución de alto nivel de complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia, 2013 - 2019. Cohorte histórica / Safety of early discharge in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy in a high complexity center in Bogotá, Colombia, 2013 - 2019. Historical cohort

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la seguridad del alta en las primeras 12 horas del posoperatorio en mujeres cometidas histerectomía por laparoscopia por patología benigna de útero. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte histórica descriptiva. Se incluyeron todas las mujeres llevadas a histerectomía laparoscópica por patología benigna, quienes fueron dadas de alta después de 12 horas del procedimiento en un hospital de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia, entre enero del 2013 y abril del 2019. Se excluyeron pacientes con comorbilidades (diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular y pulmonar obstructiva crónica), limitaciones para la movilización y aquellas que presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias. Se realizó un muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, y como variables de seguridad, el reingreso por urgencias y complicaciones clasificadas según la escala de Dindo a los 15 días del postoperatorio. Se hace análisis descriptivo. Resultados: durante el período de estudio se realizaron 860 histerectomías por laparoscopia, de estas, 67 (7,8%) cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Once pacientes (16,4%) reingresaron por el servicio de urgencias, de las cuales, siete (63,6%) acudieron por dolor, una (9%) por sangrado activo, una (9%) por fiebre, y dos (18%) por síntomas urinarios. Se presentaron seis (8,9%) complicaciones postoperatorias de las cuales dos pacientes (2,9%) tuvieron hematoma de cúpula vaginal, dos (2,9%) hemoperitoneo, una (1,4%) infección urinaria y una (1,4%) lesión ureteral; cuatro pacientes (5,9%) requirieron hospitalización, estas últimas se clasificaron en el estadio IIIb de Dindo. Conclusiones: el alta temprana surge como alternativa al cuidado hospitalario para este tipo de población. Se requieren estudios con grupo control y asignación aleatoria para aportar mejor evidencia respecto a este manejo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the safety of early discharge in the first 12 hours of the postoperative period in women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign uterine disease. Materials and methods: Descriptive historical cohort study. The study included all women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy due to benign disease and discharged after 12 hours of the procedure in a high complexity hospital in Bogota Colombia, between January 2013 and April 2019. Patients with comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) mobility limitations and intraoperative complications were excluded. Consecutive sampling was used. The variables assessed included demographics and safety variables such as readmission through the emergency service and complications classified according to the Dindo scale on the fifteenth postoperative day. A descriptive analysis is made. Results: Of 860 laparoscopic hysterectomies performed during the study period, 67 (7.8%) met the selection criteria. Eleven patients (16.4%) were readmitted through the emergency service, one (9%) due to active bleeding, and two (18%) because of urinary symptoms. There were six (8.9%) postoperative complications, including vaginal vault hematoma in two patients (2.9%), hemoperitoneum in two cases (2,9%), one (1.4%) urinary infection and one (1.4%) ureteral injury; four patients (5.9%) required hospitalization and were classified as stage IIIb on the Dindo scale. Conclusions: Early discharge emerges as an alternative to in-hospital care for this type of population. Randomized controlled studies are needed to produce additional evidence regarding this management approach

A paternidade na percepção de mulheres responsáveis por famílias monoparentais em situação de vulnerabilidade social / Paternity in the perception of women responsible for single-parent families insocial vulnerability situations

As famílias monoparentais femininas compõem, juntamente com as demais configurações familiares, a pluralidade dos arranjos familiares no Brasil. Estas têm sido associadas frequentemente às situações de pobreza ou vulnerabilidade social, em que a mulher, responsável pelo sustento do lar e cuidado dos filhos na ausência do cônjuge, vivencia sobrecarga de funções, dentre outras adversidades. Discursos contemporâneos apontam para a relevância da participação paterna na vida dos filhos. Assim, este estudo qualitativo e exploratório objetivou conhecer os significados atribuídos à paternidade na visão de mulheres responsáveis por famílias monoparentais femininas vivendo em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Participaram 10 mães com filhos crianças que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados coletados foram transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se a percepção de protagonismo materno nas famílias, sendo a ausência paterna sentida no domínio financeiro e disciplinar. O afastamento paterno teve também implicações significativas no relacionamento coparental, sendo raro o compartilhamento de tarefas entre as mães e os pais ou outras referências da família paterna. Apesar de pouco contarem com o pai das crianças, o distanciamento dos conflitos conjugais foi referido como tendo impactado positivamente o bem-estar de algumas famílias, demonstrando que a participação paterna deve ser pensada em níveis de qualidade e não apenas de presença ou ausência.(AU)

Female single-parent families make up, together with other family configurations, the plurality of family arrangements in Brazil. These have often been associated with situations of poverty or social vulnerability, in which the woman, responsible for supporting the home and taking care of the children in the absence of the spouse, experiences an overload of functions, among other adversities. Contemporary speeches point to the relevance of paternal participation in the lives of children. Thus, this qualitative and exploratory study aimed to know the meanings attributed to fatherhood in the view of women responsible for female single-parent families living in a situation of social vulnerability. Participated in the study 10 mothers with children who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The collected data were transcribed and submitted to content analysis. The perception of maternal protagonism in families was identified, with the paternal absence being felt in the financial and disciplinary domain. Paternal withdrawal also had significant implications for co parental relationships, with the sharing of tasks between mothers and fathers or other references of the paternal family being rare. Although they have little regard for the children's father, the distancing from marital conflicts was referred to as having a positive impact on the well-being of some families, demonstrating that paternal participation should be considered in terms of quality and not just presence or absence.(AU)

Famílias monoparentais: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Single-parent families: a systematic literature review / Famílias monoparentales: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura acerca da temática da monoparentalidade em produções nacionais. Para tanto, realizou-se a busca de estudos publicados entre 1980 e junho de 2017 nas bases de dados on-line IndexPsi, Lilacs, Scielo e PePSIC, utilizando como descritores os termos "monoparental", "monoparentalidade", "uniparental", "mãe ou pai solteira(o)" e "guarda unilateral". Dessa busca, considerando critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se 22 artigos empíricos, os quais foram utilizados na produção deste estudo. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e à análise de frequência simples, sendo apresentados através de cinco categorias: a) ano de publicação; b) periódicos de veiculação dos artigos; c) método de pesquisa; d) região da universidade de origem da produção científica; e e) principais resultados. Acredita-se que o estudo contribuiu com a produção de conhecimento científico na área da psicologia, uma vez que explanou as diferentes perspectivas através das quais o fenômeno da monoparentalidade está sendo compreendido pelos pesquisadores até o presente momento. Tal compreensão é útil tanto para o meio científico, pois direciona novas investigações, fundamentando-se no conhecimento já disponível acerca deste campo, como também para o meio profissional, servindo como suporte aos profissionais que atuam com famílias.(AU)

This article presents a systematic review of the national literature on single parenting. With this end, articles published between 1980 and June 2017 were searched in the IndexPsi, Lilacs, Scielo, and PePSIC online databases using the terms "single-parent family," "single parenting," "uniparental," "single mother/father," and "unilateral guard" as descriptors. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 empirical articles were included in the study and submitted to content analysis and simple frequency analysis based on five factors: (1) publication year; (2) publishing journals; (3) methodology; (4) research university; and (5) main results. The findings explain different perspectives through which researchers understand the phenomenon of single parenting until the present moment, thus being expected to advance knowledge in the field of Psychology. By providing such understanding, this study proves to be useful for the scientific environment by underpinning further research on the theme, besides supporting professionals who work with families.(AU)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la temática de la monoparentalidad en producciones nacionales. Para eso, se realizó la búsqueda de estudios publicados en el período de 1980 a junio de 2017 en las bases de datos online Index Psi, LILACS, SciELO y PePSIC, haciendo uso de los descriptores "monoparental", "monoparentalidad", "uniparental", "Madre o padre soltero(a) y "guardia unilateral". De esta búsqueda, considerando criterios de inclusión y exclusión de este estudio, se obtuvieron 22 artículos empíricos. Los resultados fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido y al análisis de frecuencia simple, presentados en cinco categorías: (1) Año de publicación, (2) Revistas de publicación de los artículos, (3) Método de búsqueda, (4) Región de la universidad de origen de la producción científica, y (5) Principales resultados. Se espera que el estudio contribuya a la producción del conocimiento científico en el área de la Psicología, una vez que explica las diferentes perspectivas sobre el fenómeno de la monoparentalidad hasta el presente. Esa comprensión es útil tanto para el medio científico, pues dirige nuevas investigaciones fundamentándose en el conocimiento científico disponible acerca de este campo, como para el medio profesional, sirviendo como soporte a los profesionales que actúan con familias.(AU)

A experiência da coparentalidade na guarda compartilhada / The experience of coparenting in joint legal custody / La experiencia de la coparentalidad en la custodia compartida

Com o intuito de preservar o exercício da parentalidade por ambos os pais após a separação conjugal, a lei da guarda compartilhada busca favorecer o equilíbrio dos papéis parentais. Contudo, a dinâmica conflituosa do divórcio pode dificultar o exercício da responsabilização parental de forma conjunta. A partir disso, este estudo objetivou compreender a experiência da coparentalidade de pais separados que possuíam a guarda compartilhada do(s) filho(s), por meio de um estudo de casos coletivos com três duplas parentais residentes no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados obtidos por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico e de uma entrevista semiestruturada foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Mesmo no caso em que a coparentalidade foi exercida satisfatoriamente no casamento, quando a relação do casal começou a apresent ar conflitos, isso se perpetuou no pós-divórcio e influenciou a relação coparental. Entende-se que aspectos que permeiam a relação conjugal e a coparental são influenciados mutuamente e que a forma como os pais exercem a coparentalidade relaciona-se com o conhecimento e a informação que possuem sobre o assunto. Considera-se que o investimento em programas de intervenções, mediação familiar e psicoterapia podem auxiliar na melhoria do exercício coparental no pós-divórcio.(AU)

To preserve the exercise of parenting by both parents after marital separation, the law of joint legal custody seeks to balance parental roles. However, the conflicting dynamics of divorce can make it difficult to exercise parental responsibility jointly. Considering that, this multiple-case study sought to understand the experience of coparenting for three divorced couples living in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul who had joint legal custody of their children. Data were obtained by means of sociodemographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and analyzed by Content Analysis. Even in cases where coparenting was satisfactorily exercised during marriage, the conflicts arising during the relationship crisis were perpetuated after divorce, influencing the coparenting. The aspects permeating the conjugal and coparenting relationship are mutually influenced, and the way parents exercise coparenting relates to the knowledge and information they have on the subject. Thus, investing in intervention programs, family mediation, and psychotherapy may help improving post-divorce coparenting.(AU)

Para preservar el ejercicio de la paternidad por ambos padres tras la separación matrimonial, la ley de custodia compartida intenta favorecer el equilibrio de los roles parentales. Sin embargo, la dinámica conflictiva del divorcio puede dificultar el ejercicio conjunto de la responsabilidad parental. Ante esto, este estudio se propone comprender la experiencia de coparentalidad de padres separados que tenían la custodia compartida del hijo/a, utilizando un estudio de casos colectivos con tres parejas parentales residentes en el interior del Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos obtenidos por el cuestionario sociodemográfico y la entrevista semiestructurada se sometieron al análisis de contenido. En el caso de que la coparentalidad se ejercía satisfactoriamente en el matrimonio cuando la relación de la pareja comenzó a presentar conflictos, esto se perpetuó aún después del divorcio, influenciando la relación coparental. Se entiende que aspectos que permean la relación conyugal y la coparental serán influenciados mutuamente y que la forma como los padres ejercen la coparentalidad se relaciona con el conocimiento e información sobre el asunto. Se considera que la inversión en programas de intervenciones, la mediación familiar y la psicoterapia pueden ayudar a mejorar el ejercicio coparental después del divorcio.(AU)